Orthoptics is a well recognised and established allied health profession affiliated with ophthalmology. The practice of orthoptics dates back to the late 19^th century, being described in French ophthalmologist Louis Emile Javal's writing. The first orthoptist was Miss Mary Maddox who was trained by her ophthalmologist father, Ernest E. Maddox, and commenced orthoptic practice in London in the early 1920s. The first hospital clinic opened at the Royal Westminster Hospital in 1928. Australia followed soon after, establishing its first hospital clinic at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne in 1931.

In September 1944, the professional association, Orthoptics Australia, was formed with a primary aim of education of members and maintenance of professional practice standards. This was the third orthoptic association to be inaugurated after the UK and USA. In 1986, the association was incorporated under the NSW Associations Incorporation Act 1984. In 1967, the International Orthoptic Association was established and the Orthoptics Australia was a founding nation member.

Orthoptic education in Australia is currently undertaken at La Trobe University, Melbourne, and at the University of Sydney. The education standards for our profession are amongst the highest in the world with Australia being the first country to offer a University Bachelor Degree program in Orthoptics. Both universities have in recent years moved to a Master level course and offer higher degree research programs. Graduates are eligible for membership with Orthoptics Australia and registration with the Australian Orthoptic Board.